نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
3 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آب و هواشناسی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Abstract:
Introduction
Teleconnection patterns indicates a large variations that happen in the patterns of atmospheric waves and jet streams. Teleconnections are associated with the anomaly of atmospheric large scale and hemisphere circulation. Teleconnection patterns affecting on the amounts of temperature, precipitation, location and intensity of jet streams in the extensive regions. Arctic Oscillation is the leading mode of extratropical circulation from the surface to the lower-level stratosphere in the northern hemisphere(Hojati & Masoodian, 2018). Arctic Oscillation as one of the teleconnection patterns of the north hemisphere includes an atmospheric pressure anomaly in sea level in the north polar latitudes and middle latitude (45oN); that is shown in negative and positive phases(khosravi et al, 2007). Fluctuations in the Arctic Oscillation create a seesaw pattern in which atmospheric pressure at polar and middle latitudes fluctuates between negative and positive phases(Hojati& Masoodian, 2018). The AO pattern controls pressure, temperature and precipitation changes patterns and geopotential level, wind azimuth, in specific periods of year. Arctic Oscillation(AO) is one of the effective patterns in general circulation of atmosphere variability in extra-tropic region of northern hemisphere and is the main factors in controlling climate elements such as temperature and precipitation. Meanwhile temperature is one of climatic impressible element of the other climatic affective elements which is under the effect of this pattern (khosravi et al, 2007). Since temperature is a main element in the formation of the climate, and its variations can alter the climate structure of each region, therefore, studying the relationship of teleconnection patterns and temperature variability has a large part to be climatological research. In this regard, numerous researches has been carried out on the relationship of Arctic Oscillation (AO) and temperature changes, and the identification and analysis of the patterns of temperature has been considered by different methods in numerous studies. Here, we can be mention researchers such as Thompson and Wallace(1998), Wallace(2000), Thompson(2000), Cintia(2000), Roger et al(2000), Gong et al(2002), Philip et al(2002), Gong and Wang(2003), Daoyi and Shaou(2003), Wang et al(2005), Bond and Harrison(2006), Turkes and Erlat(2008), Sun and Ahn(2014) and in Iran, Masoodian(2005), Nazemalsadat et al(2006), Khosaravi et al(2007), Nasr isfahani et al(2008), Khoshakhlagh et al(2008), Esfandiari et al(2009), Khorshiddost et al(2010) and Alizadeh et al(2011). Since the identification of temperature patterns and its variations is very important for management and planning, this research seeks to evaluate and analyze the relationship of Arctic Oscillation (AO) and winter temperature variability on the north- west Iran.
Materials and methods
In this research we examined the effect of this oscillation positive and negative phases on north-west winter temperature of country during 1965-2010. To achieve this goals, two databases was used. First, the mean temperature data of north-west synoptic stations of country and second, atmospheric data including sea level peressure variable ( hPa) and geopotential height(m). Atmospheric data were recieved from NCEP/NCAR. To study these data, a framework has been considered between -40-120 degree eastern and 0 - 80 degree northern with resolution of 2.5*2.5 degree that have been borrowed from database of (NCEP/NCAR) dependent to National Atmosphere and Oceanography Institute of USA. Then, agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis on the basis of ward linkage method have been done on data of negative and positive phases in Matlab software. A three groups classification has been obtained for negative phase and the other 3 groups classification for positive phase. Each group was assigned to an exponent month. After analyzing the patterns, we educed the patterns related to these phases. Finally, we studied the relationship between Arctic Oscillation exponent and north- west winter temperature by using correlation method. All of these steps and calculations conducted by using Matlab, GrADS and Surfer.
Results and discussion
Obtained results represented that the temperature value in negative phase groups was lower than positive phases. Whereas this temperature condition was increased during positive phases. According to pressure patterns deployment during negative phase and monthly temperature average, we can deduce that in this phase, the cooler and more stable conditions have prevailed in studied region than positive phase and consequently, the higher temperature condition has been accurred in positive phase than negative phase.
Conclusion
Studying the relationship of the exponent with winter temperature in north-west indicate the inverse and negative correlation coeficient with Arctic Oscillation.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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