پژوهش های اقلیم شناسی

پژوهش های اقلیم شناسی

بررسی روشهای طراحی معماری همساز با اقلیم در مقابله با ریزگردها، گرد و غبار و تاثیر آن بر روی ساختمانهای حوزه دریاچه ارومیه در دو استان آذربایجان غربی و شرقی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه معماری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تبریز، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تبریز، ایران،
3 دانشیار، گروه معماری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تبریز، ایران،
4 استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی،تبریز، ایران
10.22034/jcr.2025.491380.1674
چکیده
طراحی معماری که با اقلیم همساز باشد باید در مقابله با چالش‌های زیست محیطی نظیر ریزگردها و گردوغبار، که مناطق خاصی از جمله حوزه آبریز دریاچه ارومیه را تحت تأثیر قرار می‌دهند، نقش مؤثری را ایفا کند. معماری باید به گونه‌ای طراحی شود که با شرایط اقلیمی خاص منطقه از جمله دما، رطوبت، جهت و سرعت بادها، و میزان بارندگی همخوانی داشته باشد. این امر می تواند به کاهش اثرات مخرب ریزگردها بر ساختمان‌ها و افزایش کیفیت زندگی ساکنین کمک کند. طوفان‌های شن و غبار تأثیرات عمیقی درتمامی ابعاد اقلیمی، اقتصادی-اجتماعی و زیست محیطی دارند. کل بهره‌بران و استفاده‌کنندگان از دریاچه ارومیه معماری همساز با اقلیم در مقابله با ریزگردها به عنوان فضاهای گردشگری مطرح‌شده است که برای یافتن حجم نمونه از جدول مورگان بهره گرفته شد. که تعداد 384 نفر به‌عنوان حجم نمونه انتخاب شد. پرسشنامه‌ها به‌صورت تصادفی بین کاربران فضایی و متخصصین محیط زیست و معماران توزیع گردید. در این مطالعه، پارامترهای اقلیمی مانند دمای هوا، رطوبت نسبی، بارندگی، سرعت و جهت حداکثر باد انتخاب شدند و ارتباط آنها با داده‌های مربوط به قدرت دید و تعداد روزهای دارای گرد و غبار که در ایستگاه‌های هواشناسی ثبت شده‌اند، در مقیاس‌های ماهانه و سالانه برای استان‌های آذربایجان شرقی و غربی با استفاده از رگرسیون خطی چندمتغیره تحلیل شد. با توجه به یافته‌های آماره‌های استنباطی مشخص گردید که بیشترین سهم عاملی مربوط به پوشش گیاهی با مقدار(958/0) است و کمترین مربوط به منابع طبیعی با مقدار (004/0) است. در مرحله بعد هم در بخش همبستگی که مؤلفه جهت گیری بناها با مقدار(00/1) بیشترین همبستگی و کمترین همبستگی با دیگر مؤلفه‌ها را مؤلفه مشکلات و بیماری های تنفسی و پوستی با مقدار (002/0-) دارد. در نتایج به دست آمده از نظر مقدار روایی و پایایی خیلی نزدیک به هم بوده ضریب آلفای کرونباخ 922/0 مقدار به دست آمده است.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating climate-compatible architectural design methods in dealing with fine dust, dust and its impact on the buildings of Lake Urmia in the two provinces of West and East Azarbaijan

نویسندگان English

NIMA ASHRAFI 1
SHABNAM AKBARI NAMDAR 2
Mohammad Reza Pakdel Fard 3
NIMA VALIZADEH 4
1 PhD student, Department of Architecture, Tabriz branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده English

Architectural design that is compatible with the climate should play an effective role in dealing with environmental challenges such as fine dust and dust, which affect certain areas, including the catchment area of Lake Urmia. In this regard, the architecture should be designed in such a way that it matches the specific climatic conditions of the region, including temperature, humidity, wind direction and speed, and the amount of rainfall. This can help reduce the harmful effects of fine dust on buildings and increase the quality of life of residents. Sand and dust storms have profound effects on all climatic, economic-social and environmental aspects. Iran, especially the northwestern regions, is involved in this issue from various aspects due to being in the dust belt and salt dust caused by Lake Urmia. For this research, all users and users of Lake Urmia, architecture compatible with the climate in dealing with micro dusts have been proposed as tourism spaces, and Morgan's table was used to find the sample size. 384 people were selected as the sample size. Questionnaires were randomly distributed among space users and environmental experts and architects. In this study, the climatic parameters of temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, maximum wind speed and direction were selected and their relationship with visibility data and also the number of dusty days were recorded. It was analyzed in meteorological stations on a monthly and annual scale in East and West Azarbaijan using multivariate linear regression. Climate and environmental conditions are very important parameters in the design of buildings, which are provided to create a suitable space for human comfort, and in the design and development in sync with the environment, the study of bioclimatic studies is considered as the basis of design and architecture. Lake Urmia is one of the largest saltwater lakes in the world, which is drying up. One of the concerns in this regard is the spread of salt particles from the dried areas of this lake by the wind. In this regard, to investigate the potential of creating salt dust in the northeastern area of ​​Lake Urmia, which is considered the closest area to Tabriz city. Climate is one of the most important factors that affects both architectural design and urban planning. It is very important to identify, understand and control the effects of climate on the building site even before deciding on the design. The climate of a place is developed based on its geographical location on the earth, height above sea level, topography. As a result of all these conditions, different climate zones and as a result different climate design criteria are created. It is necessary to design the openings in the building. The doors, vents and windows that are in the design as air conditioners and openings for the entry of fresh air into the interior, on the fronts that are in the direction of the wind, prevent air and pollution from entering the building. be prevented Factors affecting dust blowing include; Wind speed, surface roughness, particle size and texture, vegetation, soil moisture and sediment mineralogy. When the wind blows, soil or salt particles start moving in different ways. As a result of the conducted research, we conclude that the optimal form of buildings can be determined from climatic factors (wind and temperature), the edges of the organic form can be used to control the wind, and the towers can be used to deal with salt storms and fine dust. To absorb dust particles, these towers should be designed optimally in order to maintain the health and comfort of the residents of the northwestern regions of the country. Examining the variables of architecture compatible with the climate in dealing with fine dust and also the simultaneity of the two will be affected by each of its components. According to the findings of inferential statistics, it was determined that the highest factor contribution is related to vegetation with a value of (0.958) and the lowest is related to natural resources with a value of (0.004). In the next step, in the correlation between the obtained components, it was determined that the building orientation component with a value of (1.00) had the highest correlation and the lowest correlation with other components was the respiratory and skin problems and diseases component with a value of (-0.002). ) has In the obtained results, the value of validity and reliability is very close to each other, Cronbach's alpha coefficient is 0.922.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

architecture
fine dust
dust
Urmia
Azerbaijan
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