صفحه اصلی فهرست مقالات مشخصات مقاله
پژوهش های اقلیم شناسی
شماره‌های پیشین نشریه
دوره دوره 1396 (سال انتشار 1397)
دوره دوره 1395 (سال انتشار 1396)
دوره دوره 1394 (سال انتشار 1395)
دوره دوره 1393 (سال انتشار 1394)
دوره دوره 1392 (سال انتشار 1394)
دوره دوره 1391 (سال انتشار 1392)
دوره دوره 1390 (سال انتشار 1391)
حسینی, زهرا سادات, خالدی, شهریار, نادری بنی, عبدالمجید. (1395). باز‌سازی دیرینه اقلیمی و پوشش گیاهی در حوضه دشت ارژن فارس در پلیستوسن پایانی و هولوسن بر اساس مطالعه‌ی گرده‌های گیاهی. پژوهش های اقلیم شناسی, 1395(27), 87-98.
زهرا سادات حسینی; شهریار خالدی; عبدالمجید نادری بنی. "باز‌سازی دیرینه اقلیمی و پوشش گیاهی در حوضه دشت ارژن فارس در پلیستوسن پایانی و هولوسن بر اساس مطالعه‌ی گرده‌های گیاهی". پژوهش های اقلیم شناسی, 1395, 27, 1395, 87-98.
حسینی, زهرا سادات, خالدی, شهریار, نادری بنی, عبدالمجید. (1395). 'باز‌سازی دیرینه اقلیمی و پوشش گیاهی در حوضه دشت ارژن فارس در پلیستوسن پایانی و هولوسن بر اساس مطالعه‌ی گرده‌های گیاهی', پژوهش های اقلیم شناسی, 1395(27), pp. 87-98.
حسینی, زهرا سادات, خالدی, شهریار, نادری بنی, عبدالمجید. باز‌سازی دیرینه اقلیمی و پوشش گیاهی در حوضه دشت ارژن فارس در پلیستوسن پایانی و هولوسن بر اساس مطالعه‌ی گرده‌های گیاهی. پژوهش های اقلیم شناسی, 1395; 1395(27): 87-98.

باز‌سازی دیرینه اقلیمی و پوشش گیاهی در حوضه دشت ارژن فارس در پلیستوسن پایانی و هولوسن بر اساس مطالعه‌ی گرده‌های گیاهی

مقاله 7، دوره 1395، شماره 27، پاییز 1395، صفحه 87-98  XML اصل مقاله (521 K)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
زهرا سادات حسینی 1؛ شهریار خالدی2؛ عبدالمجید نادری بنی3
1گروه جغرافیای طبیعی - دانشکده علوم زمین -دانشگاه شهید بهشتی- تهران -ایران
2استاد دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
3استادیار پژوهشکده اقیانوس‌شناسی و علوم جوی
چکیده
به منظور مطالعه پوشش گیاهی گذشته در تالاب دشت اژن مغزه­ای به طول 960 سانتیمتر از این تالاب برداشته شد. در ابتدا،  مغزه تحت اندازه­گیری پذیرفتاری مغناطیسی قرار گرفت. سپس نمونه­ها باز شده و با توجه به پذیرفتاری مغناطیسی از آنها زیر­نمونه تهیه شده، برای مطالعات گرده­های گیاهی آماده­سازی شد. چهار نمونه تکه گیاهی هم در طول مغزه برداشته شده و برای سن­سنجی به آزمایشگاه رادیوکربن پزنان لهستان ارسال گردید. نتایج مطالعات سن­سنجی بازه زمانی 15000 ساله را نشان داد. از 15000 سال تا11000 سال قبل، پلیستوسن پسین پوشش گیاهی استپی با آب و هوای سرد و نسبی خشک غالب بوده است. گونه کوزینیا و خانواده اسفناجیان و درمنه که در اوایل این دوران به وفور مشاهده شده است حکایت از شرایط سرد پایان دوره یخبندان در این دوران دارد. گونه­های درختی از جمله جنگل­های بلوط و پسته-بادام تقریبا 10000 سال قبل ظهور کرده و در هولوسن میانی گسترش پیدا کرده­اند. احتمالا در این دوران بارش فصل گرم با افزایش نسبی بارش و دما شرایط مناسب برای رشد بلوط را فراهم آورده است. از 10000 سال قبل بیشتر گونه­های گندمیان در منطقه غلبه داشته­اند. حدود 5700 سال قبل هولوسن میانی پوشش درختی غلبه پیدا کرده و الگوی تقریبا منظمی را تا عهد حاضر طی می­کند. این مشاهدات تایید کردند که اگر چه نوسانات در اقلیم درطول هولوسن میانی و پسین رخ داده است، اما الگوهای بارشی در این منطقه از 6000 سال قبل به بعد به الگوی تقریبا ثابت امروزی رسیده است و در این دوره گونه­های درختی بلوط و جنگل­های پسته- بادام دراین محیط گسترده شده­اند. جنگل­های بلوط از حدود 5700 سال قبل شروع به رشد کرده اند. فاز دوم گستردگی در گونه­های بلوط حدود 3000 سال قبل  اتفاق افتاده، ظهور درخت گردو در این دوره نیز قابل توجه است و نشان دهنده فعالیت انسانی در این دوره می­باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
دیرینه اقلیم؛ گرده‌های گیاهی؛ ضریب مغناطیسی؛ تعیین سن
عنوان مقاله [English]
Paleoclimate reconstruction and vegetation dynamic during Pleistocene and Holocene based on palynology at Dasht E Arzhan wetland ars Southwest Iran
نویسندگان [English]
zahra sadat hoseini1؛ Shahriar Khaledi2؛ Abdolmajid Naderi Bani3
1physical geography- faculty of earth science- shahid beheshti university- Tehran- Iran
2Professor of Shahid Behshti university
3Associated Professor I National Institute of Oceanography and Atmospheric Science
چکیده [English]
Introduction
Complex of climate related to topography and general circulation atmospheric interaction in Iran have been unintelligence. Modern climate in southwest Iran is governed by Red sea Trough and westerly depression and Siberian high pressure and in order to understanding of this complex we need to obtain the climate conditions of past.  One of the best method for reconstruction of paleoclimate change based on reconstructs of vegetation dynamics by pollen count. This method the first time  have applicateed by Van Zist and Bottema in northwest of Iran and continued by Stevense et all,2001 and 2006, 2012, and Djamali and et al, 2009,2012,2015  and Joens et al,2015. Safaei Rad, 2014 in Persian and Davoodi and et al, 2015 in Persian and Azizi et al, 2012 in Persian and Akbari et al,2016 in Persian. 
Arzhan wetland located on ′ 56 °51 تا ′ 59 °51 in sout west of zagros Fars province Iran. The climate parameter of this region show in table (1)





The number of frost days


Minimum absolute temperature


The maximum absolute temperature


The average temperature of the coldest month


Average temperature of the warmest month


 Annual average température




124 days


15˚C


38˚C


2.1˚C


21.1˚


11





 
Table (1) Modern climatic factors
 
 
Materials and methods
In order to understand past climate and environment change and reconstruct at Arzhan wetland SW of Zagros Iran 960 Cm core were taken and a pollen diagram was derived through late Pleistocene and Holocene. We performed magnetic sensibility analysis in primary step and the second we initially to subsampled based on magnetic sensibility measure and in thirst we have prepare our samples according to Moor et al, 1995 methods. In this step we added Lycopodium to our samples in order to counting and frequency of pollen grain in samples than we counted pollen and derived pollen diagram during late Pleistocene and Holocene of Southwest of Iran( Figure 1)
In other hands for dating, we extracted four samples of piece of plant for obtained date and after preparing sent to Radio Carbon laboratory Poznan Poland.(Figure 2)
 
Results and discussion
Radio carbon dating represent 15000Cal. BP that covered late Pleistocene and Holocene at the region. The pollen diagram shows at late Pleistocene covered by cold and dry steppe with Cousinia and Artemisia whit dry summer. Represent of cousinia refer to cold and dry in the upland of Zagros mountain (El Moslemany, 1986 and 1987) also Djamali believe  that cousinia pollen describe a dry conditions( Djamali et all, 2012) arboreal pollen   represent during Holocene around 10000Cal B.P. and start to spread  in this region. Quercous woodland and Pistasio- Amygdalus shrubs have spread from around 6000 years ago during middle Holocene. A maximum of spread of Oka woodland represent in 4000 and 3000 Cal.B.P so we referred them to increase of moisture of summer rainfall.  Appearance of Guglans in 3000 years ago is important and refer to human activity in this region
Conclusion
The pollen records started at around 15100 Cal. BP and show an absence of arboreal plant in area during late Pleistocene up to 11000 Cal. BP. Pollen records in this zone present a cold steppe that indicated by Cousinia, Artemisia Centaura and Chenopodiaceae pollen with decrease of Poaceae. Younger Dryas in this part of Zagros have not presented by spatially pollen grain. It seems due to upland and local characteristic the basin has not experienced Younger Drays as other region of Zagros. From 10000 Cal. BP arboreal plant have begun to spread as Quercous woodland and Pistacio- Amygdalus scrub that dominated the area during last Holocene.  At 8300Cal.BP Quercous woodland and Pistacia- Amygdalus scrub degraded during 600 years up to 7700 Cal BP after this phase Quercous woodland start to spread until 6300 Cal. BP. Middle Holocen at 6300 years ago Quercous woodland have degraded and start to spread. At 5000 Cal.BP. Through Holocen at this period Quercous woodland, have maximum extended. Gaglans has appearance at 3000 years ago and continued to present. Based on pollen diagram we reconstructed climate of past in this region. It seems the atmospheric circulation and climate regime have been stable and closed to modern climate in general. 
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Paleo environment, Pleistocene, Holocene, Pollen, Dasht E Arzhan
مراجع

 

 

  1. Akbari,T., Lak, R. , Shahbazi, R., Alizadeh,K.,Asadi,A.,Ghadimi,M.,T(2017) “paleoclimate reconstracture  and Human impact on climate change at Zagros ”. Quaterneri, vlume(2) number (1).
  2. Attar,D., Pedram,P., Moein, S.M., Taheri, Sarouiee, Abasian, Masihpour,Kord Rostami, Darikvandi, (2016) “The climate change and evaporation on decreases of Zagros woodland in Lorestan Provance”, Journal of forest and range protection research, velum (3) number(3)pp97-112 . 
  3. Awad, A,. and Abdul-Wahab M,. (2014) “ The Synoptic Patterns Associated with Spring Widespread Dusty Days in Central and Eastern Saudi Arabia.” Atmosphere 5, no. 4: 889-913.
  4. Azizi, Gh., Akbari Azirani, T., Hashemi, H.,  Yamani, M., Maghsoudi, M., Abasi, J( 2013) “paleoclimate reconstracture based on palynology in late Pleistocene at Neour lake”, Journal of physical geography research, Velum (45) Number(1),pp 1-20 .
  5. Bousman, C.B., (1998). “Paleoenvironmental change in central Texas: the palynological evidence”. The Plains Anthropologist, pp.201-219.
  6. Chen, C. and Litt, T., (2015), “Vegetation and climate of the southern Levant during the last Interglacial.” In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts,Vol. 17, p. 6001.
  7. Cornet, B.R.U.C.E., (1993), “Applications and limitations of palynology in age, climatic, and paleoenvironmental analyses of Triassic sequences in North America. New Mexico Museum of Natural”, History and Science Bulletin, 3, pp.75-93.
  8. Darwishzadeh, (2013) “Geology of Iran”, Amir kabir, 5ND Editation.
  9. Davodi, M., Azizi, G., Mozafarian, V., Safarrad, R. and Salmani, D., (2015), “Fossil pollen grains of lake parishan from the viewpoint of paleoclimatology”, Physical geography Journal .
  10. DeMenocal, P., Ortiz, J., Guilderson, T., Adkins, J., Sarnthein, M., Baker, L. and Yarusinsky, M., (2000),” Abrupt onset and termination of the African Humid Period”. Quaternary Science Reviews 19, 347–61.
  11. Djamali, M., Jones, M.D., Migliore, J., Balatti, S., Fader, M., Contreras, D., Gondet, S., Hosseini, Z., Lahijani, H., Naderi, A. and Shumilovskikh, L.S., (2016) “Olive cultivation in the heart of the Persian Achaemenid Empire: new insights into agricultural practices and environmental changes reflected in a late Holocene pollen record from Lake Parishan, SW Iran”. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 25(3), pp.255-269
  12. Djamali, M., Baumel, A., Brewer, S., Jackson, S.T., Kadereit, J.W., López-Vinyallonga, S., Mehregan, I., Shabanian, E. and Simakova, A., (2012),” Ecological implications of Cousinia Cass.(Asteraceae) persistence through the last two glacial–interglacial cycles in the continental Middle East for the Irano-Turanian flora”. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 172, pp.10-20.
  13. Djamali, M., Ponel, P., Andrieu-Ponel, V., de Beaulieu, J.L., Guibal, F., Miller, N.F., Ramezani, E., Berberian, M., Lahijani, H. and Lak, R., (2010). “Notes on arboricultural and agricultural practices in ancient Iran based on new pollen evidence”. Paléorient, pp.175-188.
  14. Djamali, M., De Beaulieu, J.L., Miller, N.F., Andrieu-Ponel, V., Ponel, P., Lak, R., Sadeddin, N., Akhani, H. and Fazeli, H., (2009) “Vegetation history of the SE section of the Zagros Mountains during the last five millennia; a pollen record from the Maharlou Lake, Fars Province, Iran”. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, 18(2), pp.123-136.
  15. El-Moslimany, A. P., (1987). “The late Pleistocene climates of the Lake Zeribar region Kurdistan, western Iran” deduced from the ecology and pollen production of nonarborealvegetation. Vegetation 72, 31-139.
  16. El-Moslimany, A. P., (1986) “Ecology and late-Quaternary history of the Kurdo-Zagrosian oak forest near Lake Zeribar, western Iran”. Vegetation 68, 55–63.
  17. Entezari, M., Ramesh, H, Seif, A., Shirani, K., Shahzeidi, S,. (2011) "Morphogenesis impacts on landslide in Iran”, journal of geography and Development, (172-155) In Persian - did not match any articles.
  18. Faegri, K., Iverson, J., (1989). “Textbook of Pollen Analysis, (4th edition, with K. Krzywinski)”. John Wiley. Chichester & New York.
  19. Farajzadeh, M., Karimi Ahmadabad, M., Ghaemi, H. and Mobasheri, M.R.,( 2007) “Studying the moisture flux over west of Iran: A case study of January 1 to 7, 1996 rain storm”. Journal of Applied Sciences, 7, pp.3023-3030.
  20. Furley, P.A. and Metcalfe, S.E., (2007.), “Dynamic changes in savanna and seasonally dry vegetation through time”. Progress in Physical Geography, 31(6), pp.633-642.
  21. Ghaemi, H., Zarrin, A,. Khosh Akhlagh, F., (2012) Climatology of desert, Samt 2ND  Editation . In Persian.
  22. Gasse, F., Lédéé, V., Massault, M and Fontes, J.C. (1989), “Water level fluctuations of Lake Tanganyika inphase with oceanic changes during the last glaciation and deglaciation”. Nature 342, 57–59.
  23. Hannon، G.E., Rundgren, M. and Jessen, C.A., (2010), “Dynamic early Holocene vegetation development on the Faroe Islands inferred from high-resolution plant macrofossil and pollen data”. Quaternary Research, 73(2), pp.163-172.
  24. Iran Meteorological Organization. Statestical data. 2017.
  25. Jones, M.D., Djamali, M., Holmes, J., Weeks, L., Leng, M.J., Lashkari, A., Alamdari, K., Noorollahi, D., Thomas, L. and Metcalfe, S.E., (2015). “Human impact on the hydroenvironment of Lake Parishan”, SW Iran, through the late-Holocene. The Holocene, 25(10), pp.1651-1661.
  26. Kehl, Martin. (2009) "Quaternary climate change in Iran—the state of knowledge." Erdkunde : 1-17.
  27. Lak, R., TaghiZadeh, M., (2012). Holocence stratigraphy of northeast of Persian Gulf, Earth science, P.24. 94, 183-192. In Persian.
  28. -Lashkari, H., Mohamadi, Z., (2015) “Arab high pressure position and react on southwest of Iran precipitation” Journal of physical geography research, Vol. 47, Number (1).  PP.73-90
  29. Lashkari, H., Hosseini, Z.S., Amirzadeh, M., (2011). “Paleoclimate change at Arzhan based on isotopic analyses”, journal of climatology research. 98-95 In Persian
  30. Lashkari,H., (2004), “Soudan Low Pressure  and reaction on southwest precipitation”, Journal of geography research, Velum (35). Number (3)
  31. Lui L.M. and Liu, K.B., (2006), “Late Quaternary paleoenvironmental changes in East Africa: a review of multiproxy evidence from palynology, lake sediments, and associated records”. Progress in Physical Geography, 30(5), pp.633-658.
  32. Liu, K.-B. and Colinvaux, P.A. (1988), “A 5200-year history of Amazon rainforest”. Journal of Biogeography15, 231–48.
  33. Maley, J. and Brenac, C. (1998), “Vegetation dynamics, palaeoenvironments and climate change in the forests of western Cameroon during the last 28,000 years BP”. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 99, 157–87.
  34. Mills, K., Schillereff, D., Saulnier‐Talbot, É., Gell, P., Anderson, N.J., Arnaud, F., Dong, X., Jones, M., McGowan, S., Massaferro, J. and Moorhouse, H., (2016), “Deciphering long‐term records of natural variability and human impact as recorded in lake sediments: a palaeolimnological puzzle”. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Water.
  35. Moore PD, Webb JA, Collinson ME (1991) Pollen analysis, 2nd edn. Blackwell, Oxford
  36. Peyron, O., Jolly, D., Bonnefille, R., Vincens, A. and Guiot, J. (2000), “Climate of East Africa” Qimatic Change 2 (1980) 313-348. 0165-0009/80/0024-0313 $03.60.
  37. Pickarski, N., Kwiecien, O., Djamali, M. and Litt, T., (2015), “Vegetation and environmental changes during the last interglacial in eastern Anatolia (Turkey): a new high-resolution pollen record from Lake Van”. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 435, pp.145-158.
  38. Safaie Rad, R., Azizi, Gh., Mohamadi, H., Alizadeh Lahijani, H., (2014), “Paleocimate change reconstraction  based on palynology in late Pleistocene at Hashilan,  center of Zagros”, Iranian journal of  natural Hazard and  geography
  39. Salzmann, U. (2000), “Are savannas degraded forests? A Holocene pollen record from the Sudanian zone of NE-Nigeria”. Vegetation History and Archaeobotany 9, 1–15.
  40. Salzmann, U., Hoelzmann, P. and Morczinek, I. (2002), “Late Quaternary climate and vegetation of the Sudanian zone of northeast Nigeria”. Quaternary Research 58, 73–83
  41. Sharifi, A., Pourmand, A., Canuel, E.A., Ferer-Tyler, E., Peterson, L.C., Aichner, B., Feakins, S.J., Daryaee, T., Djamali, M., Beni, A.N. and Lahijani, H.A., (2015), “Abrupt climate variability since the last deglaciation based on a high-resolution, multi-proxy peat record from NW Iran: The hand that rocked the Cradle of Civilization?”. Quaternary Science Reviews, 123, pp.215-230.
  42. Stevens, L.R., Ito, E., Schwalb, A. and Wright, H.E., (2006), “Timing of atmospheric precipitation in the Zagros Mountains inferred from a multi-proxy record from Lake Mirabad, Iran”. Quaternary Research, 66(3), pp.494-500.
  43. Stevens, L.R., Wright Jr, H.E. and Ito, E., (2001), “Proposed changes in seasonality of climate during the Lateglacial and Holocene at Lake Zeribar, Iran”. The Holocene, 11(6), pp.747-755.
  44. van der Kaars, S., Penny, D., Tibby, J., Fluin, J., Dam, R.A. and Suparan, P., (2001), “Late Quaternary palaeoecology, palynology and palaeolimnology of a tropical lowland swamp: Rawa Danau, West-Java, Indonesia”. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 171(3), pp.185-212.
  45. Van Zeist, W., (1967), “Late Quaternary vegetation history of western Iran”. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 2(1-4), pp.301-311. yr BP. as inferred from pollen data. Quaternary Research 54, 90–101.
  46. Wright Jr, H.E., McAndrews, J.H. and van Zeist, W., (1967), “Modern pollen rain in western Iran, and its relation to plant geography and Quaternary vegetational history”. The Journal of Ecology, pp.415-443.
  47. -Zarrin, Azar, Hooshang Ghaemi, Majid Azadi, Abbas Mofidi, and Ebrahim Mirzaei. (2011) "The effect of the Zagros Mountains on the formation and maintenance of the Iran Anticyclone using RegCM4." Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 112, no. 3-4: 91-100.
  48. Zhang, K., Zhao, Y., Zhou, A. and Sun, H., (2010). “Late Holocene vegetation dynamic and human activities reconstructed from lake records in western Loess Plateau, China”. Quaternary International, 227(1), pp.38-45.

 

 

 

آمار
تعداد مشاهده مقاله: 58
تعداد دریافت فایل اصل مقاله: 123