پیامدهای اجتماعی و اقتصادی ناشی از تغییر اقلیم (مطالعه موردی: خشکسالی و قحطی‌های دوره قاجار)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دکترای تاریخ ایران، پژوهشگر بنیاد ایران شناسی

چکیده

ویژگی‌های جغرافیایی ایران به‌عنوان کشوری که در منطقه نیمه خشک و همواره در معرض کم آبی قرار دارد، در طول تاریخ به‌عنوان یک عامل مهم و تأثیرگذار در مناسبات قدرت و تحولات اقتصادی و اجتماعی مطرح است. سوانح طبیعی از جمله خشکسالی یکی از پدیده‌های طبیعی است که نقش قابل توجهی در تحولات تاریخی دارد و از قضا به‌طور معمول و با توجه به تمرکز بر وقایع سیاسی، کمتر مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.پژوهش پیش رو می‌کوشد با توجه به منابع و مراجع به این موضوع کم و بیش مغفول در مطالعات تاریخی بپردازد. مسأله محوری پژوهش بر این سئوال استوار است که پدیده خشکسالی در دوره قاجار تا چه اندازه جامعه را درگیر خود ساخته و چه پیامدهای اقتصادی و اجتماعی داشته است؟ برای نیل به این پرسش‌ها، این نوشتار به شیوه توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و به داده‌های کتابخانه‌ای استناد جسته است.یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که در دوره قاجار، ایران شاهد تغییرات اقلیمی متعددی، از جمله خشکسالی‌های پی در پی بوده که منتج به قحطی‌های گسترده ، تضعیف شالوده‌های اقتصادی، وضعیت معیشت جامعه و شورش‌های گسترده شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Social and Economic Consequences of Climate Change (Case Study: Drought and famines of the Qajar period)

نویسنده [English]

  • Zohreh Shirinbakhsh
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Iran’s geographic characteristics as a semiarid country which threatened by water deficit, is always as an important and effective factor in terms of power relations and economic- social evolutions. natural disasters ,including drought is one of the significant factors in historical evolutions, which is not noticeable in historical researches Accidently, because of concentration on political history in historical studies. In the coming research try to focus on this neglected topic in historical studies, according to refrences. This article is mainly concentrated  of drought’s economic and social consequences and how much qajar society involved with this issue. To attain this question, this article rely on descriptive and analytical method and librarial data. Findings showes that, in iran at qajar period, there were numerous climate change like drought which resulted to expensive famines, weakening of economic foundation, including society livehood situation and broad rebellions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought
  • Famines
  • Qajar
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