Tropical cyclones in the northern Indian Ocean are among the natural hazards with high destructive power, which have undergone changes in frequency and intensity in recent decades under the influence of climate change. The Makran coast, as one of the strategic coastal areas of Iran, is significantly vulnerable to the consequences of these storms due to its specific climatic, geographical and social characteristics. The Makran coast, located in the northern Indian Ocean and adjacent to the Sea of ​​Oman, is one of the strategic and at the same time vulnerable coastal areas of Iran that has been increasingly affected by natural hazards of climatic origin in recent decades. Among these hazards, tropical cyclones, as infrequent but highly destructive phenomena, play an important role in the emergence of human, economic and environmental crises. The increase in the frequency and intensity of these cyclones in the northern Indian Ocean basin, which has been attributed to global climate change and rising sea surface temperatures in many climate studies, has doubled the need for special attention to crisis management in this region.Disaster management, as a systematic process of planning, coordinating, and responding to natural hazards, includes the stages of prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery, each of which plays an important role in reducing the negative consequences of disasters. One of the essential components in weather disaster management is national and regional meteorological organizations, which can increase the response capacity of other involved institutions by providing accurate forecasts and timely warnings. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) emphasizes that coordinated national and regional tropical cyclone forecasting and warning systems are essential to reduce losses and damages, such that these systems include meteorological data, forecasting models, and information networks (WMO, 2023).The aim of this study is to investigate the status of tropical cyclone crisis management on the Makran coast and analyze the challenges and capacities in the stages of prevention, preparedness, response and rehabilitation. It then presents a framework for crisis management in the face of tropical storms with an applied approach and analyzes the key role of the Meteorological Organization in forecasting, early warning, inter-agency coordination, and data-driven support. The present study is based on a review of strategic documents, crisis management experiences, and practical solutions in the form of a crisis management cycle including prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. The present study, with an analytical-applied approach, attempts to identify management and institutional gaps and explain the role of climatic and human factors in exacerbating or reducing the consequences of tropical storms. The results of this study can help to enhance the resilience of coastal communities, improve early warning systems, and streamline disaster management policies on the Makran coast, and provide a scientific basis for regional planning in the context of climate change. The results show that strengthening meteorological forecasting capacities, early warning systems, effective communication with response agencies and local communities, and joint inter-agency exercises will significantly reduce human and financial losses. This article provides actionable guidance for planners, disaster managers, and decision-makers to enhance the resilience of coastal communities by increasing the effectiveness of measures. The main innovation of this research lies in the integration of climate and management approaches to analyze tropical cyclones in the Makran coast. While many previous studies have focused solely on the meteorological aspects or physical damages of cyclones, this research examines the full cycle of disaster management in the context of climate change with a comprehensive view. Focusing on the Makran coast as a less studied region, simultaneously analyzing natural and human factors, and providing localized solutions for disaster management are other innovative aspects of this research. According to the research findings, the most important factor in reducing losses from tropical cyclones is strengthening the full cycle of disaster management with an emphasis on prevention and preparedness. Developing local early warning systems, improving coordination among responsible institutions, improving the resilience of critical infrastructure, and increasing the participation of local communities are among the key strategies recommended by this study. In summary, it can be concluded that moving from reactive crisis management to crisis management based on resilience and adaptation to climate change is the main condition for reducing the vulnerability of Makran coasts to tropical storms. The results of this research can be used as a scientific basis for regional planning and policy-making in the field of coastal natural hazard management and pave the way for further research in the future.

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