1- Adisa OM, Botai CM, Botai JO, Hassen A, Darkey D, Tesfamariam E, Adisa AF, Adeola AM, Ncongwane KP (2018) Analysis of agroclimatic parameters and their influence on maize production in South Africa. Theoret Appl Climatol 134:991–1004.
2- Ahmadalipour A, Moradkhani H (2018) Escalating heat-stress mortality risk due to global warming in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Environ Int 117:215–225.
3- Baek, S. G., Park, J. J., Kim, S., Lee, M. J., Paek, J. S., Choi, J., Jang, J. Y., Kim, J., & Lee, T. (2022). Evaluation of Barley and Wheat Germplasm for Resistance to Head Blight and Mycotoxin Production by Fusarium asiaticum and F. graminearum. The plant pathology journal, 38(6), 637–645. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.09.2022.0130
4- Bai, D., Ye, L., Yang, Z. and Wang, G. (2022), "Impact of climate change on agricultural productivity: a combination of spatial Durbin model and entropy approaches", International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCCSM-02-2022-0016.
5- Bandoc G, Piticar A, Patriche C, Roșca B, Dragomir E. Climate Warming-Induced Changes in Plant Phenology in the Most Important Agricultural Region of Romania. Sustainability. 2022; 14(5):2776. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052776
6- Challinor AJ, Watson J, Lobell DB, Howden SM, Smith DR, Chhetri N (2014) A meta-analysis of crop yield under climate change and adaptation. Nat Clim Chang 4(4):287-291.
7- Chenu, K., Porter, J. R., Martre, P., Basso, B., Chapman, S. C., Ewert, F., Bindi, M., & Asseng, S. (2017). Contribution of Crop Models to Adaptation in Wheat. Trends in plant science, 22(6), 472–490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2017.02.003
8- Cheshmehzangi, A. (2020) The Analysis of Global Warming Patterns from 1970s to 2010s. Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, 10, 392-404. https://doi.org/10.4236/acs.2020.103022.
9- Dai S, Shulski MD, Hubbard KG, Takle ES (2016) A spatiotemporal analysis of Midwest US emperature and precipitation trends during the growing season from 1980 to 2013. Int J Climatol 36:517–525.
10- Darand M, Dolat Yari, Zahra, Aslani, Fariba, Azizi, Yesri, (2013), investigating the behavior of rainfall and temperature variables in Kermanshah with the help of statistical tests, Scientific Research Quarterly of Geographical Space, 14 (46): 213 - 233.
11- Dawood M, Rahman AU, Rahman G, Nadeem B, Miandad M. Geo-statistical analysis of climatic variability and trend detection in the Hindu Kush region, North Pakistan. Environ Monit Assess. 2023 Dec 4;196(1):4. doi: 10.1007/s10661-023-12175-9. PMID: 38044361.
12- Driouech F, ElRhaz K, Moufouma-Okia W, Arjdal K, Balhane S (2020) Assessing future changes of climate extreme events in the CORDEX-MENA region using regional climate model ALADINclimate. Earth Systems and Environment 4(3):477–492.
13- Dahal V, Gautam S, Bhattarai R (2018) Analysis of the long-term precipitation trend in Illinois and its implications for agricultural production. Water 10:433.
14- Ding, C., Xia, Y., Su, Y., Li, F., Xiong, C., & Xu, J. (2022). Study on the Impact of Climate Change on China's Import Trade of Major Agricultural Products and Adaptation Strategies. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(21), 14374. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114374
15- Donat MG et al (2013) Updated analyses of temperature and precipitation extreme indices since the beginning of the twentieth century: the HadEX2 dataset. J Geophys Res Atmos 118:2098–2118.
16- Doratotaj, K., Zare, A., & Pournouri, M. (2022). Comparative Study of Environmental Challenges of Urmia Lake and Aral Lake in order to Protect and Rehabilitate Urmia Lake. Environmental Energy and Economic Research, 6(4), 1-15. doi: 10.22097/eeer.2022.342347.1250
17- dos Santos, C.A.C., Neale, C.M.U., Mekonnen, M.M. et al. Trends of extreme air temperature and precipitation and their impact on corn and soybean yields in Nebraska, USA. Theor Appl Climatol 147, 1379–1399 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-021-03903-7.
18- El-Rawy M, Batelaan O, Al-Arifi N, Alotaibi A, Abdalla F, Gabr ME. Climate Change Impacts on Water Resources in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study in Saudi Arabia. Water. 2023; 15(3):606. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030606.
19- Fahad, S., & Ali, S. (2023). "Heat stress effects on seed development and yield traits in different cereal genotypes." Journal of Plant Physiology, 272, 153588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153588
20- Fahad, S., & Hussain, S. (2023). "Temperature thresholds for wheat photosynthesis and plant survival under heat stress conditions." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 209(2), 303-315. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12847.
21- Fatemi, R., Yarnia, M., Mohammadi, S., Khalil Vand, E., & Mirashkari, B. (2019). Evaluation of adaptability, yield potential and relationship between traits in barley variety and lines in West Azerbaijan. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 12(3), 709-724. doi: 10.22077/escs.2019.1593.1359
22- Ferrante A, Mariani L. Agronomic Management for Enhancing Plant Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses: High and Low Values of Temperature, Light Intensity, and Relative Humidity. Horticulturae. 2018; 4(3):21. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae4030021
23- Frimpong, B.F., Koranteng, A. & Molkenthin, F. Analysis of temperature variability utilising Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope estimator tests in the Accra and Kumasi Metropolises in Ghana. Environ Syst Res 11, 24 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40068-022-00269-1
24- Ghaderi, R., Hoseinzadeh, R., Omidvarfar, S., & Abrun, M. (2024). Survey and ranking of the development of the agricultural sector (Case Study: the border townships of The West Azerbaijan province). Journal of Geography and Regional Future Studies, 1(3), 1-13.
25- Gimeno, L., Sorí, R., Vázquez, M., Stojanovic, M., Algarra, I., Eiras-Barca, J., Gimeno-Sotelo, L., & Nieto, R. (2022). Extreme precipitation events. WIREs Water, 9(6), e1611. https://doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1611
26- Ghanim, A. A. J., Anjum, M. N., Rasool, G., Saifullah, Irfan, M., Rahman, S., Mursal, S. N. F., & Niazi, U. M. (2023). Assessing spatiotemporal trends of total and extreme precipitation in a subtropical highland region: A climate perspective. PloS one, 18(8), e0289570. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289570
27- Golla B (2021) Agricultural production system in arid and semi-arid regions. J Agric Sc Food Technol 7(2): 234-244. DOI: 10.17352/2455-815X.000113.
28- Habib-ur-Rahman M, Ahmad A, Raza A, Hasnain MU, Alharby HF, Alzahrani YM, Bamagoos AA, Hakeem KR, Ahmad S, Nasim W, Ali S, Mansour F and EL Sabagh A (2022) Impact of climate change on agricultural production; Issues, challenges, and opportunities in Asia. Front. Plant Sci.13: 925548. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.925548
29- Hatfield JL, Wright-Morton L, Hall B (2018) Vulnerability of grain crops and croplands in the Midwest to climatic variability and adaptation strategies. Climattic Change 146:263–275.
30- Hatfield JL (2016) Increased temperatures have dramatic effects on growth and grain yield of three maize hybrids. Agric Environ Lett1:150006.
31- Hartmann, D.L.; Klein Tank, A.M.G.; Rusticucci, M.; Alexander, L.V.; Bronnimann, S.; Charabi, Y.; Dentener, F.J. et al. (2013). Observations: atmosphere and surface. In climate change 2013: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex, and P.M. Midgley, eds.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
32- Haider, S., Karim, M. R., Islam, M. S., Megumi, T. A., & Rahnama, Q. S. (2024). Extreme weather events and Spatio-temporal characterization of climate change variables in Bangladesh during 1975-2019. Heliyon, 10(5), e27118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27118
33- Hoseinpour, M., Mousavi, M. N. & Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri, K. 2024. Enhancing urban and regional development for border security in Iran: A futures study of West Azerbaijan province. Town and Regional Planning, no. 84, pp. 15-28.
34- Högy, P., Poll, C., Marhan, S., Kandeler, E., & Fangmeier, A. (2013). Impacts of temperature increase and change in precipitation pattern on crop yield and yield quality of barley. Food chemistry, 136(3-4), 1470–1477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.09.056IPCC, 2023: Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, pp. 1-34, doi: 10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647.001
35- Hu, G., Zhao, L., Wu, T., Wu, X., Park, H., Fedorov, A., Wei, Y., Li, R., Zhu, X., Sun, Z., Ni, J., & Zou, D. (2021). Spatiotemporal variations and regional differences in air temperature in the permafrost regions in the Northern Hemisphere during 1980-2018. The Science of the total environment, 791, 148358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148358.
36- IPCC, 2021: Summary for policymakers. In: Climate change 2021: the physical science basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [MassonDelmotte, V., P. Zhai, A. Pirani, S.L. Connors, C. Pean, S. Berger, N. Caud, Y. Chen, L. Goldfarb, M.I. Gomis, M. Huang, K. Leitzell, E. Lonnoy, J.B.R. Matthews, T.K. Maycock, T. Waterfield, O. Yelekci, R. Yu, and B. Zhou (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press. In Press.
37- IPCC, 2018: Summary for policymakers. In: Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [Masson Delmotte, V.; Zhai, P.; Portner, H.O.; Roberts, D.; Skea, J.; Shukla, P.R.; Pirani, A.; Moufouma-Okia, W.; Pean, R. Pidcock, S. Connors, J.B.R. Matthews, Y. Chen, X. Zhou, M.I. Gomis, E. Lonnoy, T. Maycock, M. Tignor, and T. Waterfield (eds.)]. In Press.
38- Jake, F., Weltzin., Julio, L., Betancourt., Benjamin, I., Cook., Theresa, M., Crimmins., Carolyn, A., F., Enquist., Michael, D., Gerst., John, E., Gross., Geoffrey, M., Henebry., Rebecca, A., Hufft., Melissa, A., Kenney., John, S., Kimball., Bradley, C., Reed., Steven, W., Running. (2020). Seasonality of biological and physical systems as indicators of climatic variation and change. Climatic Change, 163(4):1755-1771. doi: 10.1007/S10584-020-02894-0.
39- Klein Tank, A.M.G., Zwiers, F.W. and Zhang, X. (2009) Guidelines on Analysis of Extremes in a Changing Climate in Support of Informed Decisions for Adaptation. Climate Data and Monitoring WCDMP-No. 72, 56.
40- Kogo, B.K., Kumar, L. & Koech, R. Climate change and variability in Kenya: a review of impacts on agriculture and food security. Environ Dev Sustain 23, 23–43 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-020-00589-1.
41- Lan, Y., Xu, B., Huan, Y., Guo, J., Liu, X., Han, J., & Li, K. (2023). Food Security and Land Use under Sustainable Development Goals: Insights from Food Supply to Demand Side and Limited Arable Land in China. Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 12(22), 4168. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12224168.
42- Li, X., & Yang, Y. (2022). "The role of soil moisture in moderating plant thermal stress during extreme heat events." Journal of Hydrology, 605, 127423. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.127423
43- Li, X., Liu, N., You, L., Ke, X., Liu, H., Huang, M., & Waddington, S. R. (2016). Patterns of Cereal Yield Growth across China from 1980 to 2010 and Their Implications for Food Production and Food Security. PloS one, 11(7), e0159061. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159061
44- Liu, H., Liu, Y., Yang, W., & Sun, X. (2023). "Impact of extreme high temperatures on crop yield and water use efficiency: Evidence from recent studies." Field Crops Research, 278, 108318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108318
45- Liu, Z.; Zhang, Z.; Zhou, C.; Ming, W.; Du, Z. An Adaptive Inverse-Distance Weighting Interpolation Method Considering Spatial Differentiation in 3D Geological Modeling. Geosciences 2021, 11, 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11020051
46- Lobell, D. B., & Burke, M. B. (2023). "Impact of seasonal temperature increases on cereal grain yields: A global assessment." Nature Climate Change, 13(2), 183-191. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01494-7.
47- Liu, C., Allan, R. P. 2013. Observed and simulated precipitation responses in wet and dry regions 1850–2100. Environmental Research Letters 8(3): 34002.
48- Marklein, A., Elias, E., Nico, P., & Steenwerth, K. (2020). Projected temperature increases may require shifts in the growing season of cool-season crops and the growing locations of warm-season crops. The Science of the total environment, 746, 140918. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140918.
49- Masoudi, M., & Asrari, E. (2023). Hazard assessment of global warming around the world using GIS. Environmental monitoring and assessment, 195(9), 1025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-023-11464-7.
50- Mesgaran, M.B., Madani, K., Hashemi, H. et al. (2017). Iran’s Land Suitability for Agriculture. Sci Rep 7, 7670 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-08066-y.
51- Minoli, S., Jägermeyr, J., Asseng, S., Urfels, A., & Müller, C. (2022). Global crop yields can be lifted by timely adaptation of growing periods to climate change. Nature communications, 13(1), 7079. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34411-5.
52- Mirzabaev, A., Olsson, L., Kerr, R.B., Pradhan, P., Ferre, M.G.R., Lotze-Campen, H. (2023). Climate Change and Food Systems. In: von Braun, J., Afsana, K., Fresco, L.O., Hassan, M.H.A. (eds) Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5-27.
53- Moore, D. S., & McCabe, G. P. (2006). Introduction to the practice of statistics. W.H. Freeman and Company.
54- Muia V. K., Opere A. O., Ndunda E., Amwata D. A. (2024) Rainfall and Temperature Trend Analysis using Mann-Kendall and Sen’s Slope Estimator Test in Makueni County, Kenya, J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 15(3), 349-367
55- Nepal, M., Ashfaq, M., Sharma, B.R. et al. Impact of weather and climate advisories on agricultural outcomes in Pakistan. Sci Rep 14, 1036 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-51066-4.
56- Nie, H.; Qin, T.; Yang, H.; Chen, J.; He, S.; Lv, Z.; Shen, Z. Trend Analysis of Temperature and Precipitation Extremes during Winter Wheat Growth Period in the Major Winter Wheat Planting Area of China. Atmosphere 2019, 10, 240. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10050240.
57- OUFRIGH, O., ELOUISSI, A., & BENZATER, B. (2023). Trend Assessment by the Mann-Kendall Test and the Innovative Trend Analysis Method (North-West Algeria). GeoScience Engineering, 69(2), 186–233. https://doi.org/10.35180/gse-2023-0099
58- Roy, P., Pal, S. C., Chakrabortty, R., Chowdhuri, I., Saha, A., & Shit, M. (2022). Climate change and groundwater overdraft impacts on agricultural drought in India: Vulnerability assessment, food security measures and policy recommendation. The Science of the total environment, 849, 157850. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157850
59- A. G. Pendergrass, R. Knutti, F. Lehner, C. Deser, B. M. Sanderson, Precipitation variability increases in a warmer climate. Sci. Rep. 7, 17966 (2017).
60- Powell, J.P., and Reinhard, S., 2016. Measuring the effects of extreme weather events on yields. Weather Clim. Extr. 12, 69-79.
61- Pingali, P. L. (2012). Technological advancements in agriculture and their impact on crop yields. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(31), 12302-12308. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0912953109.
62- Raza, A., & Huang, Y. (2023). "Impact of short-term heat stress on cereal grain yield and quality during flowering and seed-filling stages." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 209(4), 532-546. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12893.
63- Raza, A.; Razzaq, A.; Mehmood, S.S.; Zou, X.; Zhang, X.; Lv, Y.; Xu, J. Impact of Climate Change on Crops Adaptation and Strategies to Tackle Its Outcome: A Review. Plants 2019, 8, 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8020034.
64- Reynolds, M. P., & Langridge, P. (2022). "Breeding for resilience to extreme temperatures in crops: Challenges and opportunities." Journal of Experimental Botany, 73(1), 100-112. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erab478
65- Ruiz-Alvarez O, Singh VP, Enciso-Medina J, Ontiveros-Capurata RE, Santos CAC (2019) Observed trends in daily precipitation extreme indices in Aguascalientes. Meteorological Applications. In press, Mexico. https:// doi. org/ 10. 1002/ met. 1838.
66- Shaheen, N., Jahandad, A., Goheer, M., & Ahmad, Q. (2020). Future changes in growing degree days of wheat crop in Pakistan as simulated in CORDEX South Asia experiments. APN Science Bulletin, 10(1). doi:10.30852/sb.2020.1221.
67- Shahzad, A., Ullah, S., Dar, A.A. et al. Nexus on climate change: agriculture and possible solution to cope future climate change stresses. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28, 14211–14232 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-12649-8.
68- Solaymani, H.R., Badripour, H. (2018). Integrated Watershed Management Approach in Drylands of Iran. In: Gaur, M., Squires, V. (eds) Climate Variability Impacts on Land Use and Livelihoods in Drylands. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56681-8_6
69- St. Jacques, J. M., & Sauchyn, D. J. (2016). Recent trends in precipitation and temperature extremes across the Pacific Northwest. International Journal of Climatology, 36(13), 4331-4343. https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.4600
70- Tomás, Diana, José Carlos Rodrigues, Wanda Viegas, and Manuela Silva. 2020. "Assessment of High Temperature Effects on Grain Yield and Composition in Bread Wheat Commercial Varieties" Agronomy 10, no. 4: 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040499.
71- Tong, S., Li, X., Zhang, J., Bao, Y., Bao, Y., Na, L., & Si, A. (2019). Spatial and temporal variability in extreme temperature and precipitation events in Inner Mongolia (China) during 1960-2017. The Science of the total environment, 649, 75–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.262
72- USGCRP, 2018: Impacts, risks, and adaptation in the United States: Fourth National Climate Assessment, Volume II [Reid miller, D.R., C.W. Avery, D.R. Easterling, K.E. Kunkel, K.L.M. Lewis, T.K. Maycock, and B.C. Stewart (eds.)]. U.S. Global Change Research Program, Washington, DC, USA, 1515 pp. https:// doi.org/ 10. 7930/ NCA4. 2018.
73- Zhao, J.; Liu, D.; Huang, R. A Review of Climate-Smart Agriculture: Recent Advancements, Challenges, and Future Directions. Sustainability 2023, 15, 3404. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043404
74- Zhao, C., & Seneviratne, S. I. (2022). "Effects of low temperatures on wheat yield and sterility: Insights from recent studies." Field Crops Research, 290, 108737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2022.108737
75- Zhang, X., & Huang, B. (2023). "The complexity of extreme air temperatures: Intensity, duration, and impacts on soil temperature and moisture." Environmental Research Letters, 18(4), 104012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acd4b5.
76- Zeleke K. Simulating Agronomic Adaptation Strategies to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Change on Wheat Yield in South-Eastern Australia. Agronomy. 2021; 11(2):337. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020337.
77- Zhu X, Troy TJ, Devineni N (2019) Stochastically modeling the projected impacts of climate change on rainfed and irrigated US crop yields. Environ Res Lett 14:074021.
