In recent years, there is an increasing concern in weather and climate extremes, since they may cause serious disasters to human society and nature and seem to more sensitive to climate change than the mean value. The rise in greenhouse gas emissions arising from increased industrialization and urbanization has, in recent years, contributed significantly to global warming. This global warming leads to the change of climatic extreme index and increases the intensity and frequency of occurrence of extreme climate events. Extreme events are relatively rare, unpredictable and often brief but they are highly destructive. Many studies show that climate extremes cause significant damage to crop growth and final yields, and the various frequencies and intensities of extreme events result in differing degrees of soil erosion and flooding. Climate variability is largely influenced by temperature change, which is particularly important through its role in the global climate system and energy cycles. Analyses of observed temperature in many regions of the world have already shown some important changes in the extremes. To predict future change in extremes understanding the recent past is essential. The objective of this study was to investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of temperature extremes in Khorasan Razavi province during 1990–2015 based on 15 climate indices proposed by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices and to detect the effect of climate change